Estrone

Estrone (E1) is the primary oestrogen in post-menopausal women and a major circulating oestrogen produced by peripheral aromatisation of androstenedione in adipose tissue, adrenal glands, and liver. In female athletes, salivary estrone monitoring provides insight into oestrogen availability, bone density maintenance, and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function, with suppressed levels indicating low energy availability and risk of the Female Athlete Triad or Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Elliott-Sale et al. (2020) established salivary oestrogen monitoring as essential for comprehensive female athlete hormonal profiling.